The Science of the Stone

Born from an Ancient Sea

Millions of years ago during the Cretaceous period, central Texas was submerged beneath a shallow, warm sea. As marine life—ranging from microscopic plankton to large oysters—died, their calcium carbonate shells settled on the ocean floor.

Over millennia, extreme pressure compressed these organic remains into the famous Austin Chalk. If you look closely at a rough piece of Austin limestone, you can frequently spot fossilized seashells embedded directly in the rock.

Close up of rough limestone texture

The Extraction Process

Unlike harder stones that require blasting, Texas limestone is extracted using heavy precision machinery. Giant diamond-studded wire saws slice directly into the bedrock, extracting massive blocks that can weigh several tons.

When first cut from the earth, the stone retains natural moisture known as "quarry sap," making it incredibly soft. As the stone sits in the Texas sun, the sap evaporates, permanently curing and hardening the stone for architectural use.

Active stone quarry walls

Stone Terminology

Ashlar
Finely dressed (cut and worked) masonry, characterized by uniform rectangular blocks laid in parallel courses.
Rubble
Rough, unhewn, or roughly dressed building stone set in irregular courses for a rustic aesthetic.
Flagstone
Flat stone slabs used for paving, walkways, patios, and pool copings.
Chopped Stone
Stone mechanically cut to specific heights but left with rough faces. The most common format for Texas exteriors.
Cordova Cream & Shell
Famous grades of Texas limestone. Cordova Cream is smooth, while Cordova Shell is packed with visible fossils.